| Type |
Perennial |
| USDA Hardiness range |
4B - 10A |
| Exposure |
Partial shade to full sun |
| Bloom color |
Yellow |
| Bloom time |
Mid Summer to Early Fall |
| Water needs |
Dry to moist |
| Landscape uses |
Border, container, massing, woodland garden |
| Height |
8" to 12" / 20cm to 30cm |
| Spread |
12" to 36" / 30cm to 90cm |
| Growth rate |
Fast |
| Persistence |
Evergreen, needles or needle-like |
| Bloom attributes |
Suitable for cut flowers, suitable for dried flowers |
| Leaf color |
Green |
| Fruit color |
Black |
| Soil pH requirements |
Acidic, neutral, slightly alkaline |
| Soil type |
Sandy, loamy |
| Form |
Upright or erect |
| Attributes and features |
Naturalizing |
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